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The great magnitude of yield loss caused by SCN is due to its widespread distribution Niblack et al. Despite being widely distributed and causing significant yield reductions, SCN often goes unnoticed in fields because aboveground symptoms of damage and yield loss may not appear Wang et al. Lack of detection is unfortunate, because left unmanaged, SCN population densities and the potential for yield loss steadily increase, and it is difficult to reduce population densities once they have reached highly damaging levels.

However, growing resistant soybean cultivars in rotation with nonhost crops and using nematode-protectant seed treatments can prevent SCN population densities from burgeoning.

Maps illustrating the known distribution of SCN can be useful in raising awareness of the pathogen, in underscoring the importance of scouting fields for the presence of the pest, and in encouraging the sampling of fields to determine the population densities of the nematode.

University nematologists, plant pathologists, and plant disease clinic staff as well as state and provincial departments of agriculture personnel in the United States and Canada were contacted in and asked to identify counties and rural municipalities in which SCN was first found since The information obtained in was compared with the results of the survey that was published in Tylka and Marett , and the map of the known distribution of SCN in the United States and Canada was updated.

Information was not gathered from Illinois and Iowa in the United States because SCN has been found in all counties in those two states. The survey conducted in revealed numerous counties and rural municipalities that were not known to be infested with SCN in The counties were located in 11 U. Specifically, there were 55 new U. TABLE 2 Soybean cyst nematode-infested counties and rural municipalities discovered in and reported from Canadian provinces since The 55 newly identified SCN-infested counties reported herein from 11 U.

However, newly identified SCN-infested counties were found in only 11 states from to compared with in 17 states from to The state of New York had the greatest number of newly identified SCN-infested counties in the United States between and , with Quebec was the Canadian province with the greatest number of counties and rural municipalities in which SCN was found between and , with The map in Figure 1 shows the location of all of the counties and rural municipalities in which SCN was found between and as well as those previously known to be infested with the nematode.

Those reported as infested since are shown in blue; those known to be infested in or before are indicated in red. A corresponding animated gif appears in the supplementary material. Marett and G. Tylka, Iowa State University, There are several things to keep in mind about the survey results presented herein.

Fields may be infested with SCN for many years before the infestations are discovered, because the distribution of SCN within fields usually is initially limited and can be aggregated for many years. Also, the absence of symptoms contributes to infestations not being discovered soon after fields are initially infested.

Consequently, one cannot assume that SCN initially moved into the counties and rural municipalities identified as newly infested in this survey in the past 3 years. Instead, the counties identified in this publication are newly discovered and reported to be infested with SCN since The number of counties in which SCN is first discovered can be greatly affected by the field survey activities of plant health professionals in the states and provinces during the timeframe covered by the survey.

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